Last month the National Research Council completed a massive two-year project to prioritize major projects and other activities in astronomy and astrophysics for the next decade. I will review the process and results, and how they were influenced by the scientific and political landscape and by the successes and failures of past decade surveys. I will also describe the science goals of the high-priority activities, which are likely to drive much of the research activity in astronomy and astrophysics for the next decade or more.